LIDAR Measurements of the Vertical Aerosol Profile and Optical Depth during the ACE-Asia 2001 IOP, at Gosan, Jeju Island, Korea

In order to investigate the characteristic of optical properties of Asian dust particles, the atmospheric aerosol vertical profile was measured with the multi-wavelength LIDAR system, at the Gosan super site (33 degrees 17'N, 126 degrees 10'E) in Jeju Island, Korea, during the ACE-Asia intensive observation period, 11 March-4 May 2001. An air mass backward trajectory analysis, using Hysplit-4, was carried out to track the aerosol plume, with high mass loading, from the Chinese desert regions during the period of Asian dust storm events. Vertical atmospheric aerosol profiles on three major Asian dust storm event days, 22 March and 13 and 26 April 2001, have been analyzed. The LIDAR-derived aerosol optical depth values were compared with those measured by a collocated sunphotometer.     

环境监测实验室信息管理系统建设——以上海市环境监测中心为例

简述了实验室信息管理系统(LIMS)的概念和建设LIMS的现实意义,着重介绍了上海市环境监测中心实施LIMS的过程和体会,分析了环境监测实验室在LIMS选型和实施过程中需要注意的问题及LIMS对现行工作的影响,并对需进一步完善的功能提出了建议.     

基于亨利定律的水中臭氧浓度检测方法研究

为提高水中臭氧(O_3)浓度检测方法的普适性、准确性和便捷性,提出了一种新的非接触式的水中O_3浓度检测方法。基于亨利定律(Henry’s Law),采用电化学方法,建立空气中O_3浓度与水中O_3浓度的回归方程,从而推导出水中O_3浓度。实验结果显示,水体O_3传感器的检出限为0.02 mg/L,检测上限为0.40 mg/L,可决系数R~2为0.998 9,相对误差最大值为7.05%,相对标准偏差最大值为2.82%。实际样品检测显示,水体O_3检测传感器的检测结果与O_3快速测定试剂盒(DPD法)的检测结果完全吻合。该方法不但综合了智能传感器的小型化、网络化、实时测量等特性,而且结构简单、成本低、响应快,适用于水体中O_3浓度的快速检测。     

大气CO2浓度升高对农田生态系统的影响

自由大气CO2浓度升高(简称FACE,即Free A ir CO2Enrichment)对陆地生态系统的影响是全球变化研究中的一个热点。综述了FACE条件下,农田土壤植物生物量质量变化和土壤微生物对植物的反馈作用,以及土壤痕量气体排放的趋势变化。     

冰雪南极野性南极

这是一个晶莹剔透的冰雪世界，面积相当于15个澳洲，光是一个冰棚就等于法国，南极的冰帽更含纳了地表70%的淡水。它又是一个野性肆意挥洒的空间，庞大而奇特的极地生物体系顽强而充满生机，在冰雪的覆盖下，同时也冷藏着许多地球演化的秘密。     

高温嗜粪菌的选育和猪粪发酵研究

筛选得到了８株嗜高温（５５℃）嗜粪细菌，均具有较强的发酵猪粪能力。加入所选育菌株进行的猪粪高温（５５℃）固体好氧发酵实验发明，２４ｈ内可将猪粪发酵成无臭味、深褐色的稳定和无害化产物，常温下长时间放置也不会产生腐败和臭味。此发酵产物的氮试验法结果显示，猪粪已发酵至表观成熟和稳定化，可作为进一步制取优质有机复合肥料的良好前体物。     

杭州市大气NOx来源及控制对策研究

采用定常高斯模式和Thlong程序建立NOx污染源强与大气NOx浓度间定量响应数值模型,计算了点源、面源和流动源等各类污染源对杭州市区各关心点NOx的平均贡献率,分别约为17%,17%和66%,其中市区机动车尾气贡献率高达50%左右,是首先要控制的污染源.同时提出NOx排放削减方案及实施后大气NOx质量改善状况,为环保管理部门削减NOx污染源提出供决策参考.     

Occurrence and congeners specific of poiychlorinated biphenyls in agricultural soils from Southern Jiangsu, China

A total of 198 agricultural soil samples were collected from Zhangjiagang and Changshu in Southern Jiangsu for analysis of 13 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in order to assess the levels of pollution, sources, area distribution, and potential risk for the environment. All methods were rigorously tested and an adequate quality control was ensured. Only one site had no PCBs residues, and the highest total PCBs concentration in the surface soils was 32.83 ng/g. The average concentration in all the soil samples was 4.13 ng/g, signaling low-level pollution. Tetra-, penta-, and hexa-chlorinated biphenyls were dominant species in soil samples, accounting for more than 75% ofΣPCBs in the soil samples. PCB118 was the most abundant congener in all the samples. The PCB118 was about 20% ofΣPCBs. The soil organic matter content showed only a weak correlation with the levels of all PCB congeners, in which a better correlation was noted for the more volatile lighter PCB congeners than for the heavier homologues. To a certain extent, the sources and land use seemed to influence the levels of PCBs.     

预应力锚索在公路边坡支护中的应用

随着高等级公路的出现及山区高速公路的大量建设,公路边坡问题日益突出,预应力锚索加固技术作为一项新兴技术,在公路边坡支护中有着广阔应用前景。本文根据国内外诸多的设计施工实践,综合论述了预应力锚索结构构造和原理、设计、施工原则和施工监测,应用效果和优越性,对有关理论、工艺问题进行了探讨,为进一步推广这些新技术提供了理论参考和实践经验。     

福建三都湾赤潮监控区的麻痹性贝毒和腹泻性贝毒研究

运用美国分析化学家协会(AOAC)推荐的小白鼠生物测定法，对三都湾赤潮监控区的经济贝类于2003年5月．10月进行每月1次的麻痹性贝毒(PSP)和腹泻性贝毒(DSP)含量检测。结果表明：在此期间均未检测出PSP；DSP于7、8、10月在紫贻贝(Mytilus galloprovincialis)体内检出，其中10月检出DSP含量为10Mu／100g，超标。